Chronology
- continued - Part 2
Kingdom
Of The Hebrews - lasted for two full centuries sharing
worship of various names for God in Mosaic Tradition with
smaller southern neighbour Judah.
952
bc: Many Hebrew Tribes Depart
From The Land
- return to Asia Africa and Middle East Leaving 12 Remaining
Hebrew Tribes - the remaining 12 tribes of or from Semite
Hebrew tribes argue between various clauses and split into
two main Kingdoms.
Hebrew
Tribes Comprising At This Time Of - 12 Tribes of Hebrews
After
Intermittent Warfare Between Tribes
of Israel and Tribes
of Judah King Asa - of Judah entered
into an alliance with the growing Kingdom of Damascus that
attacked northern Israel Tribes relieving pressure on
Tribes of Judah.
This
Move Cost All Hebrews The Territories - to the east
of the Jordan River and north of the Yarmuk River ushered
in a long series of wars between Hebrews and Damascus.
The
Split.
Heave
Offering Works -
grind to a halt along with all of The Works
on The House of God and The City of God and The Earth Grid
System grind to a halt along with Pyramid and Menhir construction
with the opposite occurring where all Menhirs are destroyed
for the rest of History along with most Pyramids being destroyed
and looted by thieves and barbarians.
Southern
Kingdom -
Kingdom of Judah at this time in History later creating Rabbinical
groups from Hebrew texts and Histories. Southern
Kingdom comprising of Two Tribes.
Northern
Kingdom - remaining
true to the Hebrew faith later establishing the Essenes to
pass on the texts copying the later called Biblical scrolls.
Northern
Kingdom comprising of Ten Tribes.
945
bc: 22nd Egyptian Dynasty -
945 - 712 bc
930
bc: 10 Tribes Fought Against 2 Tribes
and Established Independance -
when Independent Kingdom of Israel
was established by the 10 Northern Tribes.
Southern
Kingdom - of Judah.
The 2 other Tribes Judah and Benjamin set up the Kingdom of
Judah in the south.
The
Country of Judah - established by 10 Tribes called
the Southern Tribes. Forming of Judaism practises with rulings
by Priests and Generals.
Northern
Kingdom - of Israel
Independent Kingdom in the north representing 10 Tribes.
The
Country of Israel - comprising of Two remaining Tribes
forms into the Democratic Northern Tribes with Monarchy.
12
Hebrew Tribes Split Into Two Kingdoms North and South - the
12 Tribes argued between each other splitting into two territories
called
930
bc: Monarchy in Israel - Tribe
of Ephraim led The 10 Northern Tribes in a successful revolt
against Southern Tribes established the Northern Kingdom of
Israel. Jeroboam
I - an Ephraimite became the Northern King of Israel.
Differences
in Interpretations of Gods Laws -
difference in interpretations with The Laws of God and the
odd demarcation dispute with different Tribes created the
split.
930
bc: Death of Hiram Abiff
- one of 3 of King Solomons Master Mason builders killed
by other 2 master masons for his secret. Hiram died without
divulging his secret to the others. Temple constructions were
halted.
925
bc: Canaanite Phoenicians -
Canaanites lost a good portion of their
land of Palestine to the Israelites the southern coastline
of the Philistines. Canaanites loss of three quarters of their
territory nine-tenths of their grain land. Tyre built as a
fortified island off the mainland embarked upon the most ambitious
colonial programme of ancient times. Tyrians sailed far out
into regions where no one else dared go carefully guarded
secrets of trade routes knowledge of winds and currents began
trading colonies at some of the best harbors in the Mediterranean.
Tyre became centre of Phoenician trading Empire. Conflict
with Greece centred on Sicily held by Greek colonies in the
east and Carthaginian trading stations in the west. Carthage
was an aristocratic Republic with two chief magistrates elected
every year and Senate of 300 life members. The population
is said to have been over 700 000.
One
Group Of Two Tribes
- remaining essentally Hebrew through to Essenic Sects of
later time. Israel
The
Other Group Of Ten Tribes
- form Rabbinic Judaism to Judah.
Israelites
- at this time this second group of Two Tribes
called themselves Israelites.
922
bc: Solomon's Son Rehoboam
is successor - Hebrew Peoples
said to Rehoboam: Lighten the heavy burden that your father
put upon us and we will serve you. Rehoboam ask crowd to return
in three days when the crowd did so Rehoboam said My little
finger is thicker than my father's loins. Whereas my father
loaded you with a heavy yoke I will add to your yoke. My father
disciplined you with whips I will discipline you with scorpions.
1 Kings 12:11
Northern
State - Israel - Rehoboam's
subjects to the north of Jerusalem rebelled the rebellion
turned into a bloody civil war. Leader of the revolt Jeroboam
under his leadership the north became an independent state
with the name Israel.
Southern
State - Judah - included
Jerusalem smaller less commercially advanced known as Judah
Amos and Hosea.
Jeroboam
Ruling Israel - as
a divine King represented his rule as a return to the House
of David. Under Jeroboam Israel's economy grew so did bureaucracy
debt of peasants and herdsmen numbers of Peoples losing their
land and into slavery. Jeroboam a conventional Monarch like
Solomon - and other Hebrews of his time found no fault in
letting other Peoples worship a variety of gods believing
that gods dwelled in places Jeroboam saw God
as representing not only Israel and Judah but also The
Kingdom of Earth. Feeling threatened by rule of Rehoboam
from Jerusalem he saw loyalty to the priests and god of the
temple in Jerusalem as a threat to his rule. Jeroboam set
up shrines for worshiping gods other than God
including those described in Old Testament as the Golden Calves.
922
bc: Remaining
Tribes of Hebrews forming into 2 Main Groups - the Tribes
of the North Israel and the Tribes of the South into Judah.
Similar events occurred in Egypt.
Assyrians
Hearing Of Weakness
-
through the split of Tribes soon invaded. Captured Hebrew
Semetic Tribes soon to be referred to as Jews after many years
of captivity from Assyrians then Babylonians with freedom
given by Persia then to captivity by the Romans.
901
bc: Jeroboam's Death - following
Jeroboam's death in 901 bc:
9th
cent bc: The Great Prophets
- Elijah and Elisha flourished under the Omrides of 9th century
bc .
Elijah
was a new kind of Hebrew Prophet - earlier
prophets had been advisors to or supporters of Israel's Monarchy.
Elijah was hostile to that Monarchy 1st Book of Kings Elijah
was from a rural cattle raising region in Gilead east of Jordan
River agricultural ways of Canaanites were foreign to him.
He preferred simplicity of Gilead to cosmopolitanism he found
in Israel's Cities. He disliked injustice Elijah was outspoken
and acquired a following among Israel's rural People he protested
against land tenure and enslavement of the poor by the rich
called for worship of God and opposed worship of Ba'al.
Ba'al
worshiped by Israel's King Ahab - and wife Jezebel. Ba'al
worship was extensive among wealthy and cosmopolitan of Israel.
God told Elijah that if he Elijah
confronted King Ahab He God would
bring relief from drought by making rain. When Elijah presented
himself before Ahab Ahab recognized him as The Troubler of
Hebrews. Elijah replied that it was not he who troubled Hebrews
but Ahab because Ahab had forsaken The
Commandments of God and followed the Ba'als. Elijah
challenged Ahab to arrange a gathering on Mount Carmel Ahab
did so.
Mount
Carmel - where Ba'al ritual dances were staged
Elijah reported to have spoken to People of Hebrews and challenged
them to make a choice between God
or gods of Canaanites. Elijah convinced the crowd excited
by support he had gained Elijah called upon the crowd to seize
the prophets of Ba'al he and those who followed him went on
a murderous rampage they took the priests of Ba'al down to
the brook of Kishon and slew them there. Elijah fled to The
Wilderness to escape from agents of Queen Jezebel
who was angry over murders of Ba'al priests.
Ahab
and Prophet Elijah - Assyria re establishing
control in places in Mesopotamia and Assyria's King and warrior
nobles yearned to win for themselves glory gold silver copper
iron and whatever else they could plunder made raids westward
and conquered Aramaean Kingdoms in northern Syria. King Ahab
and Allies Defeat Assyrians
900
bc: Kingdom of Kush -
established.
900
bc: Rezin - conquers
the city of Árpád. mentioned in the Bible gaining
a victory over Pekah King of Israel.
900
bc: Hungary - Árpád high prince
Fejedelem was son of Álmos ruled Hungarian area between
895 and 900.
900
bc: Parliamentary Session - Arpad first ruler
of settled Magyars holding first Parliamentary Session with
40 other Nobles on horseback before 900 bc.
Syria
- Syrian Arab Republic - a country
in Middle East bordering on Israel Lebanon Jordan Iraq and
Turkey.
Ancient
Syria - lands at eastern
end of Mediterranean Sea between Egypt and Arabia south Cilicia
to north inland including Mesopotamia an uncertain border
to north east after two years of siege.
896
bc: Arpad - founder of Hungary
leader of Magyar tribes who occupied the Carpathian
basin.
896
bc: Magyar tribes - followed
the Huns by the same route they used to enter Europe from
the Urals.
884
bc: King
Omri of Hebrews
- reigned 884 - 872 bc reconquered Moabite
Lands lost since Solomon's death in 922 bc when Hebrews
split into two Kingdoms.
Omri
of the Dynasty of Hebrews - selected
Samaria as his capital began the construction of elaborate
defenses and Royal buildings uncovered by excavations.
Son
Ahab - was hero and villain - of stories
of the prophets he became involved in complex International
maneuvers that ended with his death at Ramoth
Gilead.
883
bc: Ashurnasirpal II - reign
starts 883–859 bc.
8th
cent bc: Tiglath Pileser III -
conquest subdued Babylonia defeated King of Urartu
attacked Medes established control over Syria. Allies of Ahaz
of Judah became his vassal defeated Aramaic speaking enemies
at Damascus.
8th
cent bc: Expansion of Continental Urnfield
and Hallstatt Groups - brought new
Peoples mainly Celts and Scythians to Breton at first in small
prospecting groups soon influence spread new settlements developed.
Hill
Forts - earliest hill
forts in Breton constructed in this period Beacon Hill near
Ivinghoe Buckinghamshire or Finavon Angus formally belonging
to late Bronze Age Period.
884
bc:
King Omri of Judah
reign starts 884
883
bc: Assyrian King Ashurnazirpal II -
883-859 bc .
875
bc: Assyrians Invade Phoenicia -
Phoenicians lose independence. Byblos
Tyre Sidon rebelled several times and Assyrians brought total
destruction to the cities
874
bc: Ahab
7th King of Israel -
874 - 853 bc - an Ephraimite. Generally a peaceful
reign. Marred by worship of Canaanite god Baal by his wife
Jezebel.
872
bc:
King Omri of Judah
reign ends - reigned 884 - 872 bc
870
bc: Mesha
Tells of King Omri's Reconquest of Moab
- describes renewed Hebrews domination over Moab
to the anger of Chemosh.
Mesha
Describes - King Omri's own successful rebellion
against Hebrews occurred during the reign of Ahab who was
Omri's successor.
859
bc: Ashurnasirpal II reign ends -
883–859 bc
858
bc: Shalmaneser III
- reign starts - 858–824 bc -
conquered all of Syria Palestine all of Armenia Babylon and
southern Mesopotamia. Assyrian conquerors a policy towards
conquered in order to prevent nationalist revolts by conquered
people. Assyrians forced Peoples conquered to migrate in large
numbers to other areas of the empire. Security for the Empire
built of conquered Peoples of different cultures and languages
mass deportations of populations in Middle East .
Mesopotamia
and Armenia - turned region into a melting pot of diverse
cultures religions and languages.
Under
The Assyrians - the entire area became a melting pot
of cultural mixing.
853
bc: Assyrians Headed South - toward Aramaic
City of Damascus. King Ahab of Israel allied with Phoenicians
and Damascus against Assyrians. The alliance put 10,000 infantrymen
and 2,000 horse drawn chariots into the field against Assyrians
in a great battle at QarQar in Syria that defeated stopping
the Assyrians. After victory the allies quarreled - Israel
and Damascus fought another of their wars against each other.
Israel allied itself on this occasion with Judah. King Ahab
died in battle against Damascus. With former enemies divided
Assyria make new threats in the direction of Israel.
853
bc: Battle of Karkar -
indecisive battles between Assyrian King Shalmaneser
II and a military alliance of the King of Damascus including
the Prince of Tyre.
850
bc: Aramaic language and script
- used over all of Middle East documents and inscriptions
in Aramaic alphabet found in Greece India northern Arabia
and Egypt. Oldest inscription in Aramaic script discovered
dates from 850 bc.
844
bc:
Reconquest of Moab
- Omri's re conquest
from Moabite
Stone.
842:
Jehu became King of Israel.
Aramaic
Alphabet Consists Of 22 letters - all
indicating consonants written from right to left. Ancestral
to Square Hebrew and modern Hebrew alphabet Nabataean modern
Arabic scripts Palmyrene alphabet and Syriac as well as hundreds
of other writing systems used at some time in Asia east of
Syria. Aramaic also influential in development of Georgian
Armenian and Glagolitic.
Spread
of Aramaic to Middle East and Asia -
Aramaic was mother of many languages in Middle East and Asia.
Generally Canaanite Phoenician influence went west from Palestine.
Aramaic became an international language spreading east south
and north from eastern end of Mediterranean Sea. Aramaic script
and language succeeded by being an efficient language.
841
bc: Dynasty of Omri - closed
- amid torrents of blood.
840
bc: Dynasty of Jehu - that
lasted for nearly a century. Period of extreme oscillations.
838
bc: Shalmaneser Annexed Area
- held by Aramaean tribes on middle Euphrates.
Another
Language Derived From Aramaic - Syriac
spoken over large areas north and east of Palestine. Literature
emerged from national church of Syria in City of Edessa.
828
bc: 23rd Egyptian Dynasty -
828 - 725 bc
824
bc: Shalmaneser III reign ends - 858–824
bc
815
bc: Defeat of Israel - and
destruction of its army by Hazael King of
Damascus.
814
bc: Carthage Founded -
by Dido a Princess of Tyre her brother killed
her husband and overthrew her government. Dido and followers
fled to Tunisia North Africa and built Carthage.
813
bc: Carthage Founded - by Phoenicians 813 bc
810
bc: Adad Nirari III - 810–783
bc - Assyria politically and militarily weak its northern
neighbour Urartu dominated States controlling principal trade
routes to Mediterranean and Iranian plateau. Some portions
of the Empire ceased to pay the tribute required by treaties.
800
bc: Malta -
Phoenician seamen and traders established an outpost
in Malta
800
bc: Golden Age - in Armenia.
800
bc: Assyria Conquers
- Damascus and Samaria
800
bc: Assyrians - Semitic Speaking
Peoples called Assyrians -
from northern Mesopotamia embarked on an expansion policy.
Assyrians were 1st to outfit all armies with iron weapons
besieging cities devised military equipment moveable towers
battering rams earning a lasting reputation as one of most
warlike People in History deporting rebellious populations
from homelands.
800
bc: Carthage
- north African City of Carthage founded by Phoenicians.
800
bc: India -
from Punjab Aryan Kingdoms spread east over Gangesc
plain establish Bihar Jharkhand and Bengal.
8th
cent bc:
Assyrians
-
Moab became a tributary of Assyria late 8th century
bc.
The
1st Temple
of Solomon - burned
and demolished by
Assyrians when sacking and pillaging The
Land leaving only the poorest Peoples in The
Land when leaving.
Shalmaneser
III - extracted heavy tribute from Jehu of Israel. He claimed
many victories though failed to establish hegemony over the
Hebrews and their Aramaic speaking allies.
7th
cent bc: Fragmentary Neo Babylonian Laws
- dating from 7th century bc.
7th
cent bc: Breton - Iron Age - Knowledge
of iron introduced shows a strong indigenous tradition and
clear influences from western Europe.
7th
cent bc: Hebrew King Josiah
7th
cent bc: Mass Deportations of Peoples
By Assyrians - from The Land
to Babylonian merchants
797
bc - Ardysus I - becomes
King of Lydia.
797
bc - Thespieus King of Athens dies - after
a reign of 27 years succeeded by son Agamestor.
789
bc - Nineveh destroyed.
786
bc: Triumphs of Jeroboam II -
786–746 bc. Judah oscillated between periods
of prosperity and weakness when it was strong it controlled
Edom and the caravan routes
of the south from Midian to the Mediterranean when it was
feeble it shrank behind its own boundaries.
783
bc - Shalmaneser III succeeds -
his father Adadnirari III as King of
Assyria
778
bc - Agamestor King of Athens dies
- after a reign of 17 years succeeded by his son Aeschylus.
776
bc - First Recorded Olympic Games
- held in Greece 776 bc
763
bc: Solar Eclipse - June 15 763 bc date
used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history.
756
bc - Founding of Cyzicus.
755
bc - Ashurnirari V - succeeds
Ashur Dan III - as
King of Assyria
755
bc - Aeschylus King of Athens dies -
after a reign of 23 years and is succeeded by Alcmaeon.
753
bc: Roman
Conquest of Italy - Ancient
Rome the State centred on City of Rome.
Rome Founded - 753 - 509 bc - 21 April 753
bc - founded by Romulus and Remus. During Founding of Rome
the brothers quarreled and Romulus slew Remus.
Romulus Rome's 1st
King - invention of later Rome's Ancient Roman Historians.
Name
Not Latin - designed to explain origin of Rome's name. Fictitious
Reign filled with deeds expected of an Ancient City founder
and son of a war god. Described as having established Rome's
early political military and social institutions having waged
war against neighbouring states.
Romulus
Thought To Have Shared - his Royal power for a time with a
Titus Tatius.
Name
May Be - of original ruler Rome's 1st real King nothing known
about Titus
Tatius in
later centuries until writing Roman History his reign was
merged together with that of Romulus for historical purposes.
In
Roman Mythology - supposed sons of the god Mars and the priestess
Rhea Silvia. Mother Rhea Silvia had been forced to become
a Vestal Virgin by her uncle Amulius because he had overthrown
her father Numitor and wanted to ensure she would not have
any sons that might attempt to overthrow him. The god Mars
came to her in her temple and of him she conceived her two
sons Romulus and Remus. When they were born her husband abandoned
them in a remote location. This practice a form of quasi infanticide
in many ancient cultures including Romans and Greeks when
children were unwanted. Beginning
of Roman Ab urbe condita calendar.
753
bc: Greeks colonizing Mediterranean
- area.
753
bc - Alcmaeon King of Athens dies - after
reign of 2 years replaced by Harops elected Archon for a ten
year term.
752
bc: Cimmerians Conquered By Scythians
- using iron implements. Scythians
and Cimmerian fight against Assyrian King Sargon II sacking
Assyrian capital Ninevah.
750
bc: Scythians arrived -
in Asia.
750 bc: Collapse of Susa Empire
- end of Elamite Empire.
750
bc: Romans First Appear
- conquering Italy calling it Rome.
747
bc - Nabonassar Nabonassar - or Nabonasser
Nabunasir Neboadon Assur or Nabon Ashar was a Hing of Assyria
who founded the Chaldean and Babylonian Kingdom. He became
King in 747 bc ruled 14 years until 732 bc.
747
bc: Greek Astronomer - Claudius Ptolemaeus
started an era.
Egyptian
Calendar Startpoint - for chronological calculations New Years
day in Egyptian calendar of that year Wednesday February 26
747 bc in Julian calendar.
747
bc: Wednesday February 26 747 bc day for Nestorian
Christian People of Iraq.
747
bc - Meles - Meles is a genus of badgers. Meles
King of Lydia.
Lydia
- an Ancient Kingdom of Asia Minor - also known as Mæonia
principal city Sardis.
Boundaries
of Lydia Varied Across The Centuries
- first bounded by Mysia Major Caria Phrygia and Ionia. Later
grew to contain all the land between the Halys river and the
Aegean sea. Empire's name became synonymous with wealth Sardis
was renowned as a beautiful city.
746
bc: Jeroboam II of Israel died.
His son and successor Zechariah ruled Israel for six
months. Zechariah was assassinated then Israel weakened itself
with civil war,
745
bc: Israel's Northern Kingdom
- referred to as Kingdom of Ephraim.
745
bc: Military Coup in Assyria -
brought to power a
general King
Tiglath Pileser III.
745
bc: Rebellion - spring
of 745 bc a rebellion staged against the weakened King Ashur
Nirari V a son of Adad Nirari III brought a new ruler who
was then governor of Calah to power. The new ruler assumed
throne name of Tiglath Pileser in a reference to Tiglath Pileser
I reigned 1115–1077 bc.
745
bc - Crown of Assyria -
this day Tiglath Pileser III becomes King of Assyria
King
Tiglath Pileser III - intelligent
and vigorous Man that acted swiftly rearranged territorial
Governorships by subdividing larger provinces that had tended
to strive for Independence from the Central Power.
Outside
home territory - appointed Assyrian officials
responsible to him as well as to support their local ruler.
744
bc: Pul - Tiglath Pileser III
- or Tilgath Pilneser Assyrian throne name
of Pul King of Assyria 744 - 727 bc.
744
bc: Tiglath-pileser III - 744–727
bc
743
bc: Tiglath Pileser - next attacked Urartian ruler Sarduri
II - and neo Hittite and Aramaean allies
who he defeated. Advance westward barred by Capital of Arpad
besieged for three years by his army.
742
bc: Tiglath Pileser's Policy of Mass Resettlement
- groups whose loyalty was assured
since they were dependent on the King for protection in a
foreign environment were settled in troublesome border regions.
Great
Kings - like Asa Jehoshaphat and Uzziah - alternated
with weak Kings.
741/740 bc: Capture of Arpad
- death knell of Independence - in
Syria and Palestine sounded by capture of Arpad in northern
Syria by Assyrian King Tiglath Pileser III. Events unfolded
with dizzying speed.
741
bc: Mass resettlement
- In 742–741 tens of thousands were resettled.
741
bc: The Victory Was Far Reaching - in
the Bible Isaiah 37:13 was to stem barbarian pressures from
the north that after Tiglath Pileser were to threaten Civilizations
throughout the area. Tribute was brought to him at Arpad from
Damascus Tyre Cilicia and other Cities and regions.
Assyrian King's skill is best seen -
in handling of affairs in Syria and Palestine from an independent
military headquarters he bypassed the rebels' ringleader at
Damascus won over most coastal cities cut off supplies of
timber from Egypt and sent a force to Ashkelon and Gaza.
740
bc - Start of Ahaz -
Ahaz Hebrew possessor was King of Judah son and successor
of Jotham.
739
bc - Tiglath Pileser III -
Assyrian inscriptions records in fifth year of Tilgath Pilneser's
reign in 739 bc a victory over Azariah Uzziah King of Judah
whose achievements are described in 2 Chronicles 26:6-15.
739
bc - Hiram II
- becomes King of Tyre
738
bc: Hebrews and Judah Paid Tribute to Assyria
- for the first time in decades.
738
bc - King Tiglath Pileser III of Assyria invades
Israel - forcing it
to pay tribute.
738 bc: There Were - 80 Provinces under
King Tiglath Pileser III .
Assyrians
Reported Directly To The King -
who was able to check continuously on Loyalty and efficiency
of all of Civil Servants. They were responsible for local
taxation storage of military supplies calling up of local
forces to support new Assyrian Army skilled professional force
compared with its predecessor that relied on haphazard Conscription.
New Military Intelligence System Created
- using reports transmitted by staging posts created.
Military Campaigns Of Tiglath Pileser
- broke stranglehold of surrounding tribes.
First moved eastward against Zamua modern Sulaymaniyah then
north against Medes. Both were brought back under control
of adjacent provincial governors. Tribal lands of Puqudu northeast
of Baghdad were joined to Arrapkha Kirkuk province holding
Aramaean tribes in check.
736
bc: - Tiglath Pileser III -
reigned to 735 - 715 bc or 732 -
716 bc. first mentioned in the Bible gaining a victory over
Pekah King of Israel and Rezin.
Rezin
Reign of Judah
- in 2 Kings 16 Isaiah 7-9 and 2 Chronicles
28. Rezin
said to have given himself up - to a life
of wickedness introducing many pagan and idolatrous customs
Isiah 8:19; 38:8; 2 Kings 23:12.
Rezin
Ignored Remonstrances and Warnings -
of prophets Isaiah Hosea.
Micah
Appealed To Tiglath Pileser III King of Assyria For Help
- against Rezin King of Damascus and Pekah
King of Israel who threatened Jerusalem. This
brought great injury of his Kingdom -
and his own subjection to Assyrians
2 Kings 16:7, 9; 15:29.
Rezin's
Reign - In the Old Testament the Kingdom
of Judah Hebrew Yehudah or Yhûdhah the state formed
from territories of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin after
The
Kingdom of Hebrews - Was Divided -
called
The
Southern Kingdom
- comprised of ten Hebrew tribes and.
The
Northern Kingdom - as the Kingdom
of Israel. Capital was Jerusalem of ancient Israel and Judah.
734
bc: King Nabonassar died -
combined with contiguous operations strengthened the
hands of Nabonassar Native King of Babylonia who maintained
Peace until his death in 734.
734
bc: Border With Egypt Sealed - tribes
of Ammon - Edom or Petra
- and Moab - who with the Hebrews
had attacked Ahaz of Judah a vassal of Assyria. They
now had to pay tribute. Over next two years Tiglath Pileser
systematically broke the Power of Damascus.
The
Hebrews Were Made Subjects Through Assassination
- of Pekah Pakaha and his replacement by a pro Assyrian
vassal Hoshea Ausi. Galilee was made part of an adjacent Province.
734
bc: the Assyrian sensed that these rebels -
encouraged by Ukin Zer the Chaldean Chief.
734
bc: Ukin Zer the Chaldean
Chief - seized the throne of Babylon. Using consummate
diplomacy Tiglath Pileser sowed discord among other Aramaean
tribes one of whose chiefs he won over. His strategy now paid
off. He could move the Assyrian army through areas held by
loyal governors or vassals east of the Tigris. One force seized
Babylon and another the rebel stronghold of Sapia.
733
bc: Assyrians devastated Gilead and Galilee
- turning the entire land into Assyrian provinces
except for the territory of two tribes western Manasseh and
Ephraim.
733
bc: Assyrians Overrun Israel
- Israelites armies against Tiglath
Pileser's army conquered in Gilead and Galilee.
Israel
recognized Assyria's domination - and
paid Assyria tribute.
Assyria
Replaced the King of Israel - with
a
Man of their choosing
called Hoshea.
732
bc: Damascus Captured - after long series of
wars with capture
of Damascus by Assyrians.
732
bc: Aram - ceased to exist as a State.
730
bc: Hoshea Rebelled Against
Paying Tribute To Assyria - Hoshea sent messengers
to Egypt trying to gain alliance with Egypt. Kings of Tyre
and Sidon also sought an alliance with Egypt. Before Hoshea
could create any meaningful alliance Assyria attacked.
730
bc - Egypt - End of 22nd Dynasty
730
bc - Egypt - End of 23rd Dynasty.
730 bc - Egypt - Start of 24th Dynasty.
730
bc - Hiram II reign ends
- as King of Tyre
730 bc - Mattan II -
succeeds Hiram II as King of Tyre
729–728
bc: Tiglath Pileser Took The Throne Of Babylon
- using personal or
Babylonian name of Pulu II Kings 15:19 I Chronicles 5:26.
Died soon afterward
727
bc - Babylonian Independence
- makes itself independent of Assyria
726
bc: Shalmaneser V - 726–722
bc
725
bc: Siege of Samaria - began.
725
bc: 24th Egyptian Dynasty -
725 - 715 bc
724
bc: Some Israelites Fled -
before Assyrian invaders for three years Assyrians
besieged Israel's capital Samaria northern country of Israel
eventually destroyed by Assyrians.
724
bc - Assyrians start a four-year siege of Tyre
724
bc - The Diaulos -
footrace introduced at the Olympics.
723
bc - Israel Conquered - by Assyria
722
bc: Shalmaneser V - Assyrians
besiege Samaria capital of Israel in 722–721 bc.
721
bc: Under a New King Assyria
Conquered Samaria
- then conquered whole of Israel. To
keep conquered from regaining power as Assyrians had done
with other Nations conquered deported and dispersed large
numbers of Peoples. Assyrians took 27,000 Israelis away as
slaves. Israel as a Nation vanished those who fled scattered.
721
bc: Assyrian King Sargon II -
reigned 721-705 bc forcefully relocated Hebrews after
conquest of Israel the northern Kingdom of the Hebrews. Hebrews
deported from Israel blended in with Assyrian society .
721
bc: Northern Israelite Kingdom Fell to Assyrians
- Assyrians
Overran Northern Hebrew Kingdom slaughtering dispersing inhabitants
and Tribes.
721
bc: Israel - Northern Tribes Defeated By Assyrians
- conquered Northern Tribes cast into slavery some
Tribes assimilated for their Fighting Skills or went into
slavery.
Remaining Survivors Absorbed By Judah - with Southern Tribes.
721
bc: Tribes of Asher
- went missing after Assyrian conquest.
Tribes
of Dan disappeared from history. Tribes of Issachar Tribes
of Simeon went missing after Assyrian conquest. Tribes of
Manasseh assimilated by other Peoples became known in legend
as One of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. The other Ten Lost
Tribes - Sons of Moses were exiled. Sambation
River - also spelled Sanbation or Sambatyon
legendary Sabbath River.
The
Northern Kingdom fell to Assyrians in 721bc
722
bc: Fall of Samaria - finally in first months
of 722 Samaria taken and Hebrews became politically extinct.
Assyrian and Babylonian Rule - Judah was left sole
heir of the glories of David and Solomon.
721
bc: Sargon II - reigns - one of Assyria's
great Kings reigned 721–705 bc.
Sargon
is the Hebrew rendering - Isaiah 20:1 of
Assyrian Sharru kin a throne name meaning the King is legitimate.
Sargon's
ancestry is partly veiled in mystery - he
was probably a younger son of Tiglath Pileser III and a brother
of his predecessor Shalmaneser V who may have died ignominiously
or may have been deposed.
Sargon
to resumed conquests - and to improve administration
of the Empire his father had begun to assemble.
Upon
accession to the throne - he was faced immediately
with three major problems dealing with Chaldean and Aramaean
Chieftainships in southern parts of Babylonia with Kingdom
of Urartu and Peoples to the north in Armenian highlands with
Syria and Palestine conquests
made by Tiglath Pileser III.
Sargon's
Problem -
was not only to maintain the status quo but to make
further conquests to prove the might of the god Ashur the
national god of the Assyrian Empire.
721
bc: Sargon II - 721–705 bc
Sargon succeeded to the Assyrian throne.
720
bc: Sargon II - Assyrian
Shalmaneser V son Sargon completed task of capturing Israel.
Sargon's victory at Raphia invasions of Armenia Arabia and
other lands made Assyria indisputably one of greatest of ancient
Empires.
720
bc: Marduk Apal Iddina II - Merodach Baladan of Old Testament
a dissident Chieftain of Chaldean tribes in the marshes of
southern Babylonia committed description of his victory over
invading Assyrian armies 720 bc to writing on a clay cylinder
he deposited in City of Uruk Biblical Erech modern Tall al
Warka. Presence of this record did not suit Sargon.
After having discharged other commitments -
he uncovered Marduk Apal Iddina's record and removed it to
his own residence then at Kalakh modern Nimrud substituting
what has been described as an improved version that was more
to his liking. Extant
texts reveal little about Sargon himself - with
few exceptions Ancient Mesopotamian Rulers have left no documents
from to write an actual biography. No
personal documents have survived from Sargon's reign -
phraseologies uncommon in the inscriptions of other
Assyrian Kings found in his texts must have met with his approval
even though it is uncertain whether such phrases sometimes
turning into what is obviously poetry were conceived by Sargon
or ascribed to him by his historiographers. Discovery
at Nimrud of a series of omens - the texts
are written in cuneiform on beeswax encased in ivory and walnut
boards marked as being the property of the palace of Sargon
also throws some light on Sargon the Man. He
may not have introduced the method of recording cuneiform
texts on wax - this method of committing
texts to writing took his fancy. The interest he took in the
engineering projects undertaken in Cities he conquered.
720
bc - End of Assyrian Siege
- of Tyre
720
bc: Judah Tyre - and Sidon
revolt against Assyria.
718
bc - Gyges becomes the ruler
of Lydia.
717
bc - Assyrian King Sargon -
conquers Hittite stronghold of Carchemish
717
bc - Sargon founds
a new capital for Assyria at Dur Sharukin.
716
bc - Romulus rule ends -
Roman legend marks this as the date that Romulus ended
his rule.
715
bc: Hezekiah
- 715– 686 lured by promises of Egyptian aid
attempted to resist Assyria defeated and compelled to pay
a crushing tribute.
715
bc - Egypt End of Twenty fourth Dynasty
715
bc - Start of the reign of Roman King Numa
Pompilius.
714
bc: record of Sargon II's eighth campaign in
the form of a letter to the god Ashur recovered.
According
to the letter Sargon II led Assyrian armies -
from Kalakh that at the time was still his residence into
areas around modern As Sulaimaniyah in Iraqi Kurdistan and
into highlands of Zagros range and beyond. Purpose
was to come to the aid of allies of the
Assyrian realm threatened by Rusa I a King of Urartu and bitter
enemy of Assyria. During
progress of the campaign author of the account visualized
or anticipated reactions of his adversary from a
Mountain - he watched the approach of the Assyrian
armies. The
Passage - like others in this text constitutes
an ingenious stylistic device unparalleled in Assyrian historical
literature. Phraseology
employed by Author - is original by Mesopotamian
standards inventive resourceful a fertile mind clearly deviating
from common place narratives that characterize standard accounts
of Assyrian Kings. Whether
or not Sargon himself is responsible for the wording of this
narrative - it is to his credit that an account
of this nature emerged from his chancery with his approval
and endorsement.
713
bc - Numa Pompilius reforms Roman calendar
712
bc: 25th Egyptian Dynasty -
712 - 657 bc
708
bc - Spartan immigrants -
founded Taranto.
706
bc: Sargon's palace at Khorsabad -
dedicated in 706 bc less than a year before he died.
705
bc: Sargon II died - Assyrian
King reigned 721–705 bc. He extended and consolidated
the conquests of his presumed father Tiglath Pileser III.
Sargon II assumed to have died in battle - in 705 bc.
704
bc: Sennacherib -
704–681 bc - succeeds
his brother Shalmaneser V as King of Assyria.
704
bc - Sennacherib
- moves capital of Assyria to Nineveh.
701 bc - King Hezekiah of Judah
- backed by Egypt revolts against King Sennacherib
of Assyria. Sennacherib sacks many Palestinian cities fails
in attempt to take Jerusalem
700
bc: Hallstatt Culture - the
culture of the Celts wander and cover much of western Europe
central Europe developed a Late Bronze Age culture that Celts
emerged from covered much of western Europe to Breton Isles.
700
bc: Breton - successions
of migrations availability of iron facilitated
land clearance and growth of population. Earliest iron smiths
made daggers of Hallstatt and Celtic type with a British form.
Settlements with traditional round house the Celtic system
of farming with small fields and storage pits for grain introduced.
Breton absorbed the newcomers..
6th
cent bc: Return from Babylonian Exile - remaining
Hebrew captives return from Babylonian Exile late 6th century
bc.
6th
cent bc:
Israelite Judah and Hebrew Tribes and Peoples Referred to
as Jews - Hebrews returning from Babylonian
Exile from this time on became known as Jews.
6th
cent bc: Optimism Continued in Prophetic Activity
- of Haggai and Zechariah prophets who announced that God
would restore The Kingdom. Pre requisite to The
Age was rebuilding of The Temple viewed
as Heaven on Earth. When
the Temple had been rebuilt and long years passed with neither
The Kingdom of God being restored nor a Messianic Age initiated
Israelite prophecy declined.
6th
cent bc: Aramaic replaced Hebrew as Language of the Jews
- portions of the Old Testament books of Daniel and Ezra written
in Aramaic.
Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds are written in Aramaic
- Jewish
People used Aramaic
6th
cent bc: Fall of Babylonia - end of Babylonian Assyrian periods
from Hammurabi 1792–1750 bc to 6th cent bc.
692
bc: In Judah the Hebrew King
Manasseh ruled as Assyria's puppet gave support to
the god Assur whose image he placed at the entrance to The
Temple that Solomon had built for God.
Manasseh seduced the People of Judah to do evil more than
the Nations whom God destroyed
way before the sons of Israel.
691
bc - King Sennacherib of Assyria -
defeats King Humban nimena of Elam in the Battle of
Halule.
690
bc - Taharqa - a
King of the 25th Dynasty ascends
the throne of Egypt.
687
- 642 bc: Ark of The Covenant Disappeared - from
Temple of Solomon during King Manasseh's reign 687- 642 bc.
686
bc: Epidemic Decimated Assyrian Army
- of Sennacherib saved Judah from
total devastation.
Isaiah's guidance restored morale of the People weakness
of Hezekiah's son Manasseh did not bring complete ruin.
680
bc: Sennacherib - son of Sargon II retained
gains his father had made warfare against rebellious vassal
Hezekiah of Judah. Sennacherib's successor Esar Haddon or
Esarhaddon on his accession found Abd Melkarth of Sidon in
revolt against his authority formed an alliance with Sanduarri
King of Kundi and Sizu a prince of Lebanon set up as independent
Monarch during time of civil war waged between Esarhaddon
and two brothers who disputed his succession after they had
murdered his father. As soon as this struggle was over the
Assyrian Monarch proceeded at once 680 bc against the two
rebels. Both tried to escape him. Abd Melkarth quitting his
capital fled away by sea steering either for Aradus or Cyprus.
Sanduarri took refuge in his mountain fastnesses. Esarhaddon
chased both chiefs pursued then captured. Abd Melkarth he
says from the face of my solders into the middle of the sea
had fled like a fish from out of the sea I caught and cut
off his head Sanduarri who took Abd Melkarth for his ally
and to his difficult mountains trusted like a bird from the
midst of the mountains I caught and cut off his head. Sidon
was very severely punished. Esarhaddon swept away all its
subject cities uprooted its citadel and palace cast materials
into the sea at same time destroying all its habitations the
town was plundered treasures of the palace carried off and
greater portion of the population deported to Assyria an Assyrian
general was placed as governor over the City and its name
changed from Sidon to Ir Esarhaddon.
King
of Assyria pushed his army beyond Israel into Judah. Assyrians
laid waste to Judah's countryside gathering before the walls
of Jerusalem threatening to destroy Jerusalem unless the City
paid a ransom. The City paid and Jerusalem was spared. Assyrians
continue their rule over Judah the Assyrian army continued
march southward.
680
bc: Esarhaddon - 680–669 bc
676
bc: Assyria occupied Egypt -
introducing iron to the region a few years later sacked
City of Thebes.
A
weakened Egypt - invaded by Nubia a Nubian
became Pharaoh. Assyrians defeated Nubian Pharaoh and Nubians
withdrew to their homeland.
674
bc: Assyrians conquer Egypt -
674 bc - 670 bc
668
bc: Ashurbanipal - 668-626
bc - extended Assyrian Empire began assembling a library of
tablets of all the literature of Mesopotamia. Thirty thousand
tablets still remain of Ashurbanipal's great library in City
of Nineveh Assyrian culture growth in science and mathematics.
Among great mathematical inventions of Assyrians were division
of circle into 360 degrees among first to invent longitude
and latitude in geographical navigation also developed a medical
science.
664
bc: 26th Egyptian Dynasty - 664 - 525 bc
664
bc: Brief Saite renaissance 26th dynasty
664–525 bc under Assyrian and Babylonian shadow soon
replaced by Persian.
No
Law Codes have been found in Egypt - presumably
because Codification was not practiced.
640
bc: Assyrian Rule Extended - south along
Tigris and Euphrates rivers to Persian Gulf extending northeast
into mountainous territory south into Arabia. Assyria created
a great Empire with all of Mesopotamia Egypt Cyprus Syria
and west of Kanesh in Asia Minor. Assyrians believed they
were enjoying the blessings of their great god Ashur.
640
bc: King Josiah - 640–609 bc arose
in time to restore ebbing fortunes of Judah for a few years
during much of The Ancient Territory of United Hebrews was
brought back under the rule of the Davidic Dynasty.
626
bc: Ashurbanipal reign ends - the Assyrian
Empire began to crumble greatest pressure came from Babylonians
aided by another Semitic People the Medes.
Isaiah
- seeing horror of war he wished to leave
his People with hope of better things to come spoke of The
Day when God would create a new World that the Wolf would
lie down with The Lamb when Men would beat their swords into
plowshares spears into pruning hooks and Nations would not
lift up swords against other Nations People would learn of
war no more.
625
bc: Scythians Invaded Syria and Judea
- around 625 bc reached the borders of Egypt where
peace terms were reached with Eyptians by the intimidated
rulers of that Dynasty.
612
bc: Fall of Assyria - Nineveh Assyrian King
Assurbanipal founded one of 1st libraries ordering scribes
to collect cuneiform tablets from all over the Fertile Crescent.
After Assurbanipal's death neighboring People joined forces
and united to crush Assyrian armies with King Nebuchadnezzar
gaining power recreating the Babylonian Empire. Babylonians
led by Nabopolassar eventually conquered Assyrian capital
of Nineveh burned to the ground ending Assyrian dominance
in region.
Nebuchadnezzar's
new Babylonian Empire stretched from Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean
Sea built temples walls and palaces in Babylon the Hanging
Gardens one of the wonders of the Ancient World.
Nebuchadnezzar
had the gardens built to please his wife homesick for the
hills where she had grown up. Babylonian Astrologers believed
stars and planets had great influence on all events on Earth
that heavenly bodies directly affect the lives of Human beings
recognized planets foretold eclipses recording and providing
accurate data to astronomy fields.
612
bc: End of Assyria Babylon and Egypt.
- collapse of Nineveh end of Assyria when Scythians
Invade 612 bc along with Babylon and Egypt.
Whole Area Occupied
by nomadic horse riding people besides the Scythians are Medes
who later were
part of Persian Empire and Cimmerians a People
who appear identical with or closely related to the Scythians.
Scythians
coincide with - invasion
of Assyrians into Syria Phoenicia and northern Kingdom of
Israel
612
bc: Nineveh Destroyed by Scythians
- Assyria rapidly declining in power
its hated capital Nineveh destroyed by the Medes.
612
bc: Zoroastrianism founded.
Josiah's
successful rebellion ended - when
he fell in battle against a more powerful contender for the
Assyrian succession Necho of Egypt.
Chaldean
Kings of Babylonia were rapidly gaining strength
- Nabopolassar of Babylon and Cyaxares of Media divided
the old Assyrian Empire between them the former's son Nebuchadrezzar
gained control of Syria and Palestine in swift campaigns.
Defeated Egyptians continued to intrigue in Palestine whose
Native States repeatedly joined anti Babylonian coalitions
then all that collapsed or were crushed by Chaldean Armies.
610
bc: Assurbanipal - Esarhaddon's son Assurbanipal
- Assyria reached peak and approached the fall. Assyrian capital
of Nineveh reached height of splendor library of cuneiform
tablets collected one of the most important historical sources
of antiquity. Assyrian bas reliefs reached their peak. Assurbanipal's
Royal Court luxurious Assyria began rapid decline during his
reign. Military aspect of Empire was most prominent feature
Assyria continually prepared for conflict. Because of ever
present need for Men to fight constant battles agriculture
suffered and ultimately Assyrians had to import food. Expenditures
of Assurbanipal on warfare and building drained resources
of the Empire and contributed to its weakness. When Assurbanipal
was fighting against Chaldaeans and Elamites an Egyptian revolt
under Psamatik I was successful. Psamatik I who was advanced
in years at time of Assyria's downfall died about 610 bc.
609
bc: Fall of Assyria - remaining Assyrian
troops capitulated Assyria disappeared from history. Empires
that succeeded Assyria learned a great deal from Assyrian
arts writings in Laws and Civil administration and organization
of their states.
608
bc: Neco - son of Psamatik I - Assyrian -
at time of Assyria's downfall succeeded by a son brave enterprising
Neco. Neco led a great expedition into Palestine with object
of bringing under his dominion the entire tract of land between
the River of Egypt Wady el Arish and Middle Euphrates. All
of Palestine Phoenicia and Syria were overrun became temporarily
Egyptian possessions. Phœnicia not subdued by force.
Tyrian prosperity continued and Phœnician relations towards
Egypt during remainder of Neco's reign were friendly. Phœnicians
at Neco's request circumnavigated Africa Neco granted to Tyre
extraordinary favour of settling a colony in Egypt capital
Memphis.
605
bc: Nebuchadnezzar - Babylonians - crown
Prince Nebuchadnezzar on behalf of his father Nabopolassar
who was aged led the forces of Babylon against Neco who dared
to affront the King of Kings of Sumir and Accad had taken
him off guard deprived of some of the fairest provinces. Babylonia
under Nabopolassar and Nebuchadnezzar successors of the mighty
power of Assyria for 700 years held supremacy of Western Asia.
Nebuchadnezzar on right bank of Euphrates approaching the
great fortress behind walls the army of Neco well ordered
with shield buckler horses harnessed horsemen armed with spears
protected by helmets and brigandines. One of the decisive
battles of the World no Historical accounts of the great Battle
of Carchemish. Defeat was complete and overwhelming. Hasty
flight of the entire Egyptian host left the whole country
open to the invading army. Like a whirlwind swept on terrified
inhabitants who went into fortified cities. Nebuchadnezzar
did not commence any siege pursued Neco up to the frontier
of Egypt would have continued into the Nile valley except
his aged father died in Babylon while engaged in conquests
immediate return to the capital necessary to avoid disputed
succession leaving situation in Syria confused in an unsettled
state until the Great King could revisit and pursue Egyptian
conquests. Egypt unites with Phœnicia becoming allies.
Last
Ruling Assyrian King Was Ashurbanipal
- who fought a civil war against his brother the sub King
in Babylon devastating the city and its population.
7th
cent bc:
Fall Of Assyrian Empire - late 7th century
bc Assyrian Kings most frequently ruled over Babylonia often
appointing sub Kings to administer government.
605
bc:
Ashurbanipal's death - Chaldean leader Nabopolassar made Babylon
his capital and instituted last greatest period of Babylonian
supremacy.
605
bc:
Nebuchadrezzar II - Ashurbanipal's son
Nebuchadrezzar II reigned 605 -562 bc conquered Syria and
Palestine.
600
bc: Breton Islands - Phoenicians as missionaries of Civiliization
and trade bringing eastern Mediterranean products and culture
to less advanced Peoples a few Phoenician traders sailed Atlantic
as far as Breton for tin exchanging goods from Mediterranean
for tin.
5th
cent bc: Ezra's Reform of The Faith - that
God was firmly established there
was no need for old polemics against the Canaanite religion..
5th
cent bc: Phoenician Federation - under leadership
of One headed the Federation in Tripoli in 5th century bc
5th
cent bc: Freak Weather Conditions and Climatic
Freeze
5th
cent bc: Hebrew military colony in Egypt
- Aramaic papyri described
a 5th century Hebrew
military colony in Egypt.
598
bc: Judæa and Phœnicia Revolt from Babylon
- and Nebuchadnezzar - declared themselves independent.
Phœnicia still under hegemony of Tyre and Tyre had at
its head an enterprising Prince Ithobal who developed resources
to uttermost warmly supported by other cities. His revolt
took place in 7th year of Nebuchadnezzar. Nebuchadnezzar at
once marched against him in person with sieges of Tyre Sidon
and Jerusalem started. Jerusalem submitted almost immediately.
Sidon taken after losing half defenders by pestilence Tyre
resisted for 13 years. .
597
bc: 1st group of exiles deportation to Babylon - Ezekiel -
one of leaders of Hebrews1st group of exiles go into
captivity forced to leave homeland about 597 bc in deportation
to Babylon on orders of conquering King Nebuchadrezzar.
597
bc: Jerusalem Besieged - by Chaldean Armies in 597 bc.
593
bc: Ezekiel The Priest Without a Temple - received
The Call to become a prophet
during a vision In thirtieth year in fourth month on fifth
day 31 July 593 bc if dating based on lunar calendar exact
meaning of thirtieth year remains obscure. Ezekiel
a Married Man - often consulted by elders
among exiles Ezekiel carried out a Priestly prophetic career
during two periods from 593-586 bc the period his wife died
and his native City was destroyed.
588
bc: Jerusalem Besieged
- by Chaldean Armies after 589 bc.
587
bc: Southern Kingdom of Judah Fell To Assyrians
- many Peoples carried
into Assyrian occupied Babylonian captivity.
587
bc:
Nebuchadrezzar II Invades Judah - destruction
of Judah and Jerusalem Babylonian captivity of Judah. Constructing
hanging gardens rebuilding Temple of Marduk and ziggurat.
Conquers Judah the southern Kingdom of the
Jewish Tribes..
Babylon
Destroyed by Assyrians - Assyrians hated Babylon destroyed
the City and set up their capital in Nineveh. Later Assyrians
believed Babylonian god Marduk was angry at them they rebuilt
the City and returned idol of Marduk to a temple in Babylon.
587
bc:
Southern Kingdom fell to Babylonians who defeated Assyrians
about 587bc. Many of the People were carried away into Babylonian
captivity. Persia conquered the Babylonians and permitted
the exiles to return to their homeland.
586
bc: Jerusalem Falls Sacked and Destroyed - besieged
587/586 stormed and destroyed. Prophet Jeremiah had foreseen
the tragic denouement had repeatedly warned his People against
their suicidal Policy died in Egypt. Judah
was devastated and almost depopulated.
586
bc: Region of Judah Destroyed - thousands of Hebrews captured
completed destruction of the two regions.
586
bc: Ezekiel - 586-571 bc: date of his last
oracle - the prophet shows through his oracles visions and
narrations as frustrated because the People would not heed
his messages from God. Ezekiel
a master preacher drew large crowds a good administrator of
his community of exiles. He held out hope for a Temple in
a new age in order to inspire The People in captivity. He
initiated a form of imagery and literature that was to have
profound effects on both Judaism and Christianity.
Apocalypticism
- the view that God would intervene in His Story to
save the believing Peoples that this intervention would be
accompanied by cataclysmic events..
586
bc: Hebrews Captive in Babylon
586
bc: Babylonian Exile - 586 to
516 bc.
586
bc: Early Hebrew
Alphabet Superseded - in Holy Land
by Aramaic Alphabet during Babylonian Exile 586-516 bc. Aramaic
Script became parent of Square Hebrew - in
Hebrew ketav meruba' or square script or ketav ashuri or Assyrian
writing. In Holy Land Early Hebrew Alphabet - an
object of strong local attachment for several centuries used
side by side with Aramaic script. Square
Hebrew derived from the Aramaic alphabet.
585
bc: Babylonians Occupy Phoenicia -
Fall of City of Tyre from Babylonian
Nebuchadnezzar's siege. Phoenician cities rebelled and Tyre
was destroyed.
582
bc:
Moab Conquered by Babylonians - Moabites
disappear from history.
573
bc: City States of Phoenicia Ended -
with the fall of Tyre to Babylonian King
Nebuchandnezzar.
565
bc: Babylon Rule Over Phœnicia - made weak with attacks
from Egypt under Apries fell in reign of Baal over Tyre.
550
bc: Babylon Destroyed by Cyrus the Great - great
grandson of Cyaxares the King of the Medes and a new and unknown
power Persia assumed 1st position among the nations of Earth.
Empire founded by Cyrus 550-530 stretched by his successors
from Hindu Kush and beyond Indus to Aegeans from the Caucasus
to Indian Ocean. Persians are Indo Europeans followed a centralized
system of political control linked far parts of the Empire
with a system of roads introduced metallic currency made Aramaic
a Semitic language of the area Lebanon Syria Palestine Cyprus
grouped in one satrapy or province. Sidon as capital City
with Royal residence for Persian satrap and for the Emperor
when on a state visit. Sidon Tyre Byblus and Aradus were allowed
a measure of autonomy including issuance of their own coinage..
540
bc: Phoenicia - loss of Cyprus under Amasis
when the power of Babylon was rapidly declining.
540
bc: Carthaginians - prevented a Greek attempt
to land in Corsica.
540
bc: India - Aryan Kingdom of Magadha - capital
near Patna during reign of Bimbisara 540-490 bc founders of
Jainism and Buddhism. Kingdom of Kosala another Kingdom of
the period.
539
bc:
Fall Of Babylon - Persians Under Cyrus The
Great - captured Babylonia from Nebuchadrezzar's last
successor Nabonidus. Babylonia ceased to be independent State.
538
bc: to 528 or 527 Phoenicia - Egypt content with
having annexed Cyprus did not trouble Phoenicia. Persia engaged
in wars in far East made no claim to allegiance. Phoenicia
pursued a commercial career covered the seas with merchant
vessels land routes of trade caravans repaired from damages
inflicted by Nebuchadnezzar Phoenician cities maintained no
increase in naval strength
538
bc: Persians Occupy Phoenicia - from 538 bc to 333
ad - Persians occupied the region including Phoenicia.
536
bc: Israelite captives released -
from Babylonia.
525
bc: 27th Egyptian Dynasty -
525 - 404 bc
525
bc: Egypt Conquered by Persia -
Phoenician fleet largest best equipped
in eastern Mediterranean was in demand by Persian warring
Emperors Cambyses conquered Egypt.
509
bc: Founding of the Roman Republic.
500
bc: Life of Buddhra
- between 500 to 600 bc.
4th
cent bc: Scythian Cavalry Raids on
China -
cavalry raids from Mongolian steppe chronic in 4th
century bc. China was then divided among warring states. Border
principalities converted to cavalry tactics to mount successful
defenses.
4th
cent bc: Petra
- Nabataeans - some
of Moab's territories settled
by Nabataeans at Petra
in 4th - 3rd century bc.
4th
cent bc: Essenic sect and Community - Warrier Priests
and Scholars - at Qumram collect and copy Oral Kabbalah for
the People to read and understand The Laws of God.
494
bc: Greco- Persian wars
- Battle of Miletus between Phoenician and Greek sea
powers struggle over 200 Phoenician ships transported Persian
troops through Aegean islands playing a part in major battles
of Miletus.
490
bc: Greco Persian Wars
- 490-449 bc - Phoenicians revolted overburdened with
heavy tributes imposed by Persians.
480
bc: Greco-Persian
wars
- Battle of Salamis -
Athenians for Greeks and Sidonians for barbarians.
Phoenician engineers helped build a pontoon bridge across
Hellespont that Xerxes' army crossed to Europe and dig a canal
through the isthmus joining Mount Athos to the mainland.
480
bc: Greeks defeated Carthaginians -
at Himera when attempting to conquer the whole of
Sicily.
456
bc: Life of EzRa -
450
bc: Persia Conquers Babylonians -
permitting Hebrew exiles to return to homelands.
450
bc:
Jerusalem and The Temple Rebuilt - 450-400 bc. Stories of
God their past and laws into a set form on scrolls called
the Torah or Pentateuch became 1st 5 books of Old Testament.
404
bc: - 28th Egyptian Dynasty - 404 - 399 bc
3rd
cent bc: Dead Sea Scrolls and Qumran - ruin
dated - from 3rd century
bc to 68 ad.
3rd
cent bc: Ancient Egypt - Aigyptiaka or Aegyptiaca
of Manetho - contains roster of 30 Dynasties.
The
roster underlies The Chronology of Ancient
Egypt. Explicit testimony of contemporary records from Egypt.
Excavations - multiplied the corpora
of texts adding the papyrological dimension. Ahknaton
stockpiled and archived in his transitory new capital where
it lay buried to await the modern excavators of Tell el Amarna.
Akhnaton's
religious preoccupations - he changed the
Egyptian Religion to worship of the Sun god
Aton. Political
apathy - led to the loss of many of Egypt's
Asian possessions.
399
bc: 29th Egyptian Dynasty - 399 - 380 bc
390
bc: Rome Sacked - by Celtic war bands
using the scythe from Scythians sacked and plundered
City of Rome Celtic raiding bands wandered the whole peninsula
reaching Sicily then Rome. This iinspired Rome to chase Celts
conquer Gaul. Romans chased Celts to Gaul then Brittanny.
Romans found out about another Counrty called Breton that
eventually created the Roman Invasion of Breton.
360
bc: 30th Egyptian Dynasty -
380 - 343 bc
343
bc: 31st Egyptian Dynasty - 343 - 332
bc
333
bc: Greeks Defeated Persian
troops - from 333 - 64 bc when Alexander the Great
attacked Asia Minor Phoenician cities made no attempt to resist
and acknowledged Alexander until offering a sacrifice to Melkurt
Tyre’s god the City resisted and Alexander besieged
it. Tyre City fell after 6 months of resistance
332
bc: Phoenician Empire in Decline
- when Alexander the Great conquered
Tyre remnants of Phoenician culture absorbed into the Greek
Empire.
331
bc:
Babylon - Alexander The
Great - planned to make Babylon Capital - of his Empire
died in Nebuchadrezzar's palace. After Alexander's death the
Seleucids eventually abandoned Babylon bringing an end to
one of the greatest Empires in History.
327
bc: India -
Alexander The Great Invaded
- province of Gandhara NW India at time part of Persian Empire.
325
bc: Israel and Judea Conquered
- Alexander The Great Conquers Israel and Judea
near all Near East Palestine annexed to Egypt and fell under
Greek control.
304
bc: Ptolemy I - Historical Records Declined
- to Ptolemaic era
a Dynasty that ruled Egypt beginning in 304 bc founded by
Ptolemy I Soter a general under Alexander the Great.
300
bc: Breton Exports Tin to Rome -
export of Cornish tin. Evidence of destination provided
by the Paul Cornwall hoard of north Italian silver coins.
.
2nd
cent bc: Roman Expansion in Europe -
a drastically altered society was result. Roman expansion
caused major changes brought local development to an end in
Europe due to constant wars and take overs. Romans established
their own towns and system of government.
2nd
cent bc: Sadducees Pharisees - member
of a Jewish priestly sect flourished for 2 centuries before
destruction of Second Temple of Jerusalem in 70 ad. Sadducees'
name may be derived from Zadok high priest in time of Kings
David and Solomon. Ezekiel selected this family as worthy
of being entrusted with control of The Temple. Zadokites formed
the Temple hierarchy from 2nd century bc. Sadducees were a
party of high priests aristocratic families and merchants
wealthier elements of the Population. Under influence of Hellenism
had good relations with Roman rulers of Palestine generally
represented conservative view within Judaism.
Pharisees
- claimed authority of piety and learning
Sadducees
- claimed that birth and social and economic position.
Two parties struggles lasted until Roman' destruction of Jerusalem
in 70 ad Sadducees dominated Temple and priesthood. Sadducees
and Pharisees in constant conflict with each other over details
of ritual and The Law over content
and extent of God's revelation to Hebrew Peoples.
232
bc: India - Ashoka - Greek
invaders driven out by Chandragupta of Magadha founder of
Mauryan Empire. Mauryan Emperor Ashoka Chandragupta's grandson
greatest ruler of ancient period unified all of India except
southern tip. Under Ashoka Buddhism widely propagated and
spread to Sri Lanka and SE Asia.
200
bc: Breton Fully Developed its Celtic Character
- known as the Celtic Isle.
185
bc: India Collapse of Mauryan state - 200
years of disorder and invasions followed collapse of Mauryan
state. Buddhism declimed in India. S India enjoyed greater
prosperity than north despite incessant warfare among Tamil
speaking Kingdoms of the south Pandya and Chola states that
maintained overseas trade with Roman Empire. Indian culture
spread through South East Asia to the Malay Archipelago and
Indonesia by traders from the Indian Kingdoms.
175
bc: Essenes - fled to Judaean desert wilderness around Qumran
during Antiochus IV Epiphanes' persecution of Palestinian
Jews from 175 bc to 164/163 bc.
152
bc: Israel Judah - Jonathan 152-143/142 bc
150
bc: Wars of the Sons of Light - Against the
Sons of Dark or aliens - War Rule or War Scroll a Dead Sea
Scroll. One of the most important documents of the Essene
sect established a community at Qumran in the Judaean desert
during the 1st half of the 2nd century bc.
146
bc: Rome Conquers Greece then Judea
- conquered by Romans with both these Empires
becoming part of the Roman Empire.
146
bc: Carthage sacked by Romans.
133
bc: Rome Conquers Whole of Hellenized Orient.
110
bc: Aryan
Invasion of India -
the Indians thought they did not need walls protected by the
Himalayas - the Indus Valley was overrun by Aryans called
Scythian tribes.
103
bc: Israel Judah - Alexander
Jannaeus
- 103-76 bc he was persecuted and exiled.
1st
cent bc: India - Scythians
appear
in northwestern India invading during 1st century
bc. After collapse of Bactrian power Scythians Parthians Afghans
and Kushans swept into NW India. Small states rose and disappeared
in quick succession the Kushans under King Kanishka went to
2nd cent. ad.
67
bc:
Pompey - completely destroyed.
64
bc: Romans Conquer Lebanon - Phoenician
cities of Byblos Sidon Tyre granted Roman citizenship cities
were centers of pottery glass purple dye industries harbors
served as warehouses for products imported from Syria Persia
India exported cedar perfume jewelry wine fruit to Rome construction
and urban development temples palaces 1st School of Law built
throughout Phoenicia paved roads linking cities.
63
bc: Rome Invade Judaea -
occupied Judaea in 63 bc. Essenic works written
after that date until 70 ad when Qumran community taken by
Rome.
58
bc: Julius Caesar Conquered Gaul
- between 58 and 50 bc.
56
bc: Julius Caesar Conquered Brittany -
A settlement of tribesmen traders from
Belgic Gaul in Brittanny inform Romans about a place called
Breton with emergence of Bretons tribes formerly not known
to Romans. Breton lay on the edge of the Civilized World.
Romans hunting Celts all through History when Rome sacked
by Celts in 390 bc. Bretons Trade was in the hands of the
Veneti in Brittany. Conquest by Julius Caesar who destroyed
their fleet put an end to it.
55
bc: Julius Caesar Invades Breton -
hunting for Celts bringing the Breton
Island's into close contact warfare with the Roman World.
Caesar's description of Breton at the time of his invasions
is 1st Roman account of Breton.
55
bc: Breton King Cassi Vellaunus
- of Catuvellauni north of Thames rallying
Bretons farmers against heavily armed professional Roman and
Germanic soldiers and mercenaries.
54
bc: Breton Conquered by Julius Caesar -
Roman conquest of Breton. Roman troops
invade and conquer parts of Breton. Roman armies role in Breton
renaming as Briton was the economic development of Roman frontier
regions.
53
bc: Parthians - Defeat of Roman Legions
- under Marcus Licinius Crassus by Parthians
at Battle of Carrhae.
Carrhae is the Roman name for Harran heralded period of Parthian
Power and expansion in Middle East.
44
bc: Caesar Roman Emporer Died -
assassinated. 100bc-44bc.
36
bc: Rome Under Mark Antony -
36-34 bc and after 2 great states Rome and
Parthia contending for predominance in region. Armenia contended
between the 2 powers each sought to put their candidate
on the Throne of Judaea.
27
bc: Establishment Of The Roman Empire.
22
bc: Roman
Emperor - Caesar Augustus.
22
bc: Herod the Great King of Judaea - under Roman occupation.
22
bc: Rebuilt by Herod
- enlarged in 22-10 bc by Herod the
Great King of Judaea under Roman occupation. Renamed for Roman
patron Emperor Caesar Augustus. Served as a port for Herod's
newly built City at Sebaste Greek. Augusta ancient Samaria
of central Palestine. Caesarea had an artificial harbour of
large concrete blocks and typical Hellenistic Roman public
buildings. Aqueduct brought water from springs 10 miles 16
km to northeast. Caesarea served as a base for Herodian navy
operated in aid of Romans as far as Black Sea.
20
bc: Breton - Two
Principal Powers - Catuvellauni north of Thames
led by Tasciovanus successor of Caesar's adversary Cassi Vellaunus
- south of river Kingdom of Atrebates ruled by Commius and
sons Tincommius Eppillus and Verica.
7
bc: Jesus of Nazareth
- born.
6
ad: Caesarea Capital of Roman Province of Judaea
- centre of early Christianity in New
Testament. In Acts in connection with Peter Philip the Apostle
and Paul imprisoned there before being sent to Rome for trial.
12
ad: Parthian Rule - not
firm over all Mesopotamia during reign of Artabanus III 12-38
ad Jewish tribes with Asinaeus and Anilaeus set up a free
state north of Ctesiphon that lasted 15 years before overcome
by Parthians.
40
ad: Pontius Pilate - Roman procurator
of Judaea at the time of Jesus' crucifixion.
44
ad: Sadducees viewed ministry of Jesus
- with considerable alarm playing a role in his trial
and death.
44
ad: Jesus of Nazareth migrates -
to Gaul after recovering from wounds of crucifixion with Wife
Mary Magdelaine and Family.
63
ad: Rome Great Persecution of Christians -
Roman Emporer Nero beginning of persecution of Christians
under Roman Emporer Nero. Mary Magdalene dies
in Provence Gaul near Lyons in 63 ad. Jesus goes missing.
Jesus the Younger flees with James to the Breton Islands.
James brother of Jesus takes
The Bow of The Hebrews with Jesus son to Breton
builds Glastoneberry Abbey creates 1st above ground Christian
Church building the group called the Celtic
Church recognise Jesus established by Joseph of Aramathea
that being James after attempts on his life by Romans and
Barbarians same day as Jesus crucifixion enabling him to recover
his brother's body for revival from poisons and injuries.
66
ad: 66 ad: Jewish Revolt -
of 66-70 ad forced Qumran community
called The Scribes of God under siege by Romans.
68
ad: Rome Invades Judaea - known as the
Kittim of the Scrolls the Romans who invaded and occupied
Judaea. The Essenic Community was totally wiped out and turned
into a Roman fortress.
70
ad: Essenic Sect and
Community Destroyed - Warrier
Priests and Scribes of God at Qumran wiped out by Romans.
Judea Revolt - Israelites in Judea revolted
against Roman occupation the revolt put down killing all the
Essenes at Qumran known as The Scribes
of God thrown over cliffs the Essenes disappeared from
History.
70
ad: Destruction of the Second Temple - of Jerusalem
at the hands of Romans.
1st
cent ad:
Babylonians - Moab
Conquered by Babylonians.
116
ad: Rome Conquers Mesopotamia - Internal rivalries
in Parthian state gave Romans an opportunity to attack and
control over Armenia. Roman Emperor Trajan's advance into
Mesopotamia. Adiabene as well as entire Tigris Euphrates basin
of northern Mesopotamia incorporated as a province into Roman
Empire. Trajan advanced to Persian Gulf died of illness. Successor
Hadrian made peace abandoning conquests in Mesopotamia client
states remained.
131
ad: Judea Revolt - Israelites and Jews revolt again
in 131-134 ad. Romans destroyed the cities. Dispersed the
Peoples from their land like the Assyrians known as the Scattering
or the Diaspora various Peoples maintain their Hebrew faiths
through religious cultural communities even though they did
not have a country.
132
ad: Bar Kokhba revolt - of 132-135 ad Romans tortured
and killed the 10 greatest leaders and sages of Palestinian
Jewry including Rabbi Akiba.
135
ad: Caesarea - place of execution of Rabbi Akiba
and others. Death of these 10 Martyrs still commemorated in
liturgy for Yom Kippur Day of Atonement.
150
ad: Writings of Aramaic changes to Parthian - in
2nd century ad seen from a bilingual Greek and Parthian inscription
on a bronze statue from Seleucia dated 150-151 ad.
Parthians
Conquer Mesopotamia - Vologeses III defeated King
of Mesene and took over the entire country. After this period
no one speaks Aramaic only Parthian and Syriac written in
a new cursive alphabet.
220
ad: Palestine - 220- 400 - promulgation of Mishna
initiated period of Amoraim lecturers or interpreters teachers
who made Mishna the basic text of legal exegesis. Curriculum
centred on elucidation of the text of standard compilation
harmonization of its decisions with extra Mishnaic
traditions recorded in other collections and application
of its principles to new situations. Records of these Amoraic
studies have been preserved in the form of 2 commentaries
on Mishna known as Palestinian or Jerusalem
Talmud Teaching. Babylonian Talmud reflecting study and legislation
of academies of 2 principal centres of Jewish concentration
in Roman and Persian Empires of that time. Talmud is also
a comprehensive term for whole collections Palestinian and
Babylonian containing Mishna commentaries
and other matter.
260:
Breton Gaul and Spain - form an Independent Gallic Empire
governed from Trier.
279
ad: Rabbinic Scholar Abbahu - 279-320 wielded great
influence with Roman authorities because he combined learning
with personal wealth and political power.
290:
Arthur Born.
Breton - If King Arthur lived to 540 and lived to over 250
years old he would have to be born in this year or there abouts
if King Henry VIII is to be correct as a Historian.
3rd
cent ad: Doom for Moab
- mention of The City.
3rd
cent ad: Al Karak
- known to Ptolemy as Characmoba.
303-305
ad: Rome - . Great Persecution of Christians begins.
305
ad: End of Great Persecution of Christians - Arthur
age 15 - a Breton war chief Roman trained - Roman
Artorius. Roman training name a professional soldier serving
Briton Kings commanding a cavalry force trained on knowing
Roman military proceedures. Arthur
fought to defend Breton against Romans Saxons and Barbarian
mercenaries. A string of Roman Emporers seem to die in quick
succession in the time of King
Arthur.
306:
Constantius Roman Emporer died - at Eboracum in 306
fighting against the armies of Breton Island's and Gaul. Arthur's
military campaigns were always successful.306: Constantine
and Constantius crossed into Breton fought a campaign in the
north. Constantius died at Eboracum in York in 306 against
Bretons.
309
ad: Jewish Academy - at Sura Babylon
closed.
321:
Constantine Roman Emporer - conversion of the Roman
Empire to Roman Catholicism and Christianity.
323
ad: Roman Catholic Council of Nicea - Identity and
character of Jesus as well as many other Jewish Messiahs are
voted on for being the "Messiah". Onias nearly won
due to more Family participation left alive. Jesus won be
a slight majority vote. Then forgotten until 727 ad at Council
of Nicea when the results were the same.
325:
Nicea. Jesus Christ - declared the Savior God at
the Council of Nicea a decision formalized by a majority vote.
Council of Nicaea in which Catholicism begins to rigidify.
337:
Constantine I Roman Emporer died - on 22 May 337.
Preparing for a campaign against Persia Constantine fell ill
at Helenopolis possibly poisoned. Treatment failed. Constantine
hoped to be baptized in the Jordan River. He delayed his baptism
ceremony until the end of his life. Constantine received baptism
and died on 22 May 337.
340:
Constantine II Roman Emporer died - 340.
350:
Studies and decisions of Roman Authorities in Caesarea were
compiled as a tract on the civil law of the Mishna. Half a
century later academy of Tiberias issued a similar collection
on other tracts of Mishna and this compilation in conjunction
with the Caesarean material constituted the
Palestinian Talmud. Despite increasing tensions between Rabbinic
circles and patriarch his office was an agency providing a
basic unity to Jews of the Roman Empire. Officially recognized
as a Roman prefect a government official the patriarch at
same time delegated apostles to Jewish communities to inform
them of Jewish calendar and of other decisions of general
concern. Collect annual tax of a half shekel paid by male
Jews for the Roman Imperial treasury.
352
ad: Ashi - born: 352 ad - died: 427 - Babylonian
interpreter of Mishna legal compilation basis
of Talmud authoritative rabbinical compendium.
Ashi head of Jewish Academy at Sura Babylonia one of 2 chief
editors who fixed the Canon of Babylonian Talmud. Under Ashi's
leadership the Academy closed since 309 was revived gigantic
task of collating scattered notes sayings legislative opinions
homiletic lore was conducted for more than 30 years. Ashi
headed Sura Academy for more than 50 years. Established nearby
City of Mata Mehasya as focus of amoraic learning. One of
his sons Tabyomi succeeded him at Sura Academy. After an interruption
of several decades Ashi's work was completed by a staff of
Scholars from the academy.
357:
Constantine I Roman Emporer - the Great 357-358.
359:
Jewish calendar - Mediterranean Jewry was now fragmented
into disjointed communities and synagogues principles of regulation
of Jewish calendar committed to writing 359 by patriarch Hillel
II. This coupled with the widespread presence of Rabbis ensured
continuity of Jewish adherence.
383
ad: Gratian Roman Emporer died - Memorial stone and
grave mound at Lugdunum Lyons. Breton and Gaul troops battle
and defeat Roman Empire's armies including many Germanic tribes.
388:
Maximus Magnus Roman Emporer died - 28 August 388
Roman Emporer who ruled Britain Gaul and Spain to engulfed
by Breton and Gaul forces.
397
ad: Council of Carthage - Criteria
for the Bible - Two main criteria for selection
of gospels for New Testament. Determined
at the Council of Carthage.
Criteria
For The - New Testament written - in the names of Jesus' own
apostles. Mark was not an apostle of Jesus nor was Luke they
were colleagues of later St Paul. Thomas was one of the original
12 yet the Gospel in his name was excluded along with many
other Gospels for some reason. Books of Joshua and 2 Samuel
both refer to the much more ancient Book of Jashar. Said
to be very important the Book of Jashar. Where
is it?
397
ad: Gospels and Biblical Writings Destroyed by Roman Catholic
Church - along with numerous other Gospels Biblical texts
artifacts and buildings were destined and sentenced to be
destroyed throughout to 6th century and further.
406:
Germanic Cartel expansions - Alans Vandals and Sueves cross
the frozen Rhine invading the Gallic provinces of the Roman
Empire.
406
- 407: Arthur Invades
Gaul - a series of Roman Emporers get elected. Marcus
Gratian and Constantine III. When Constantine III was elected
he took Roman and Briton troops from Briton to Gaul.
407:
Constantine III - then returns again to Roman Briton
for troops to Gaul
Constantine
III - crosses to Gaul with more troops from Briton.
Remaining Roman forces in Breton Island's were insufficient
to provide Roman protection of Roman Briton against increasing
Pict
Saxon and Barbarian raids.
408-
410: Breton Invaded - and devastated by Saxon and
Barbarian incursions.
410
ad: Fall of Rome. Rome sacked by Christianised Barbarian
tribes massing and uniting under Alaric the Bold.
Roman
Rule in Breton and Europe Collapses - by Barbarian
mercenary groups Rome weakened by constant war with Bretons
and Gauls combined Germanic Tribes under Visigoths Alaric
the Bold who lays seige to Rome. Germanic Tribes and Barbarian
cartels sack Rome for 6 days then last seen headed for Gaul.
Rome recently sacked Africa Middle East including the Judea
and Israel lands. Alaric only recently converted to Christianity.
Visigoths retained huge amounts of booty and religious artifacts
from many Countries Rome had recently sacked.
410
ad: Rome Created Catholicism from Captured Torah and Essenic
Writings - around fall and sacking of Rome. Fall
of Rome sacked by Christians and Christianised Barbarians.
453
ad: Breton's Independence from Rome - Breton declared
Independent from Rome again.
476
ad: Fall of Rome - last Roman Emporer of the west
is deposed.
4th
cent ad: Roman Catholicism Created - from edited
Books of The Torah and Essenic Scripts creating and editing
translations making the New Testament and Old Testament called
the Bible.
Adoption
and Editing of Gospels to Make Catholicism as Religion of
Roman Empire - hostility between the 2 religions
of Jews and Roman Catholicism resulted in severe curtailment
of Jewish disciplinary rights over interference in collection
of patriarchal taxes with restrictions to build synagogues.
4th
cent ad: Development of Syriac Scripts - occurred
from 4th to 7th century ad.
4th
cent ad: Eastern Christendom - riddled with sects
and various movements.
520
ad: Arthur's wars
to defend Breton - culminated in victory at Mons
Badonicus or Baden in Germany
around 500 to 520. Mass war was the staple diet with Arthur
the war leader of
Breton's Gaul's Pict
Scot Welsh Irish and Celtic troops.
537
ad: Battle of Camelot - King Arthur fell. Ecclesiastical
History of Breton People by Saxon Historian Bede.
539
ad: King Arthur Dies - entry for Battle of
Camlann or Camelot in Annales Cambriae
where King Arthur
died in battle at the age of around 172 years old to 250 years
old or more.
570
ad: Life of Mohammhrad 570 ad. Did Mohammhrad go
to The Mountain
or did The Mountain
go to Mohammhrad ? A) Both.
5th
cent ad: End or Close of The Christian Era
- after King Arthur
died in 560 ad Breton battled constant invaders.
606
ad: India - North India experienced a golden age
under Gupta Dynasty Indian art literature reached a high level.
Gupta rose again under Emperor Harsha of
Kanauj 606-647. North India enjoyed a renaissance of art letters
and theology at this time Chinese pilgrim Hsüan
Tsang visited India. Guptas ruled north in this period
of Indian history. Pallava Kings of Kanchi ruled in the south.
Chalukyas controlled the Deccan.
6th
cent ad:
Byzantines
- Moab settled by Byzantines
represented as a walled City on Ma'Daba Mosaic Map oldest
known map of the Holy Lands.
Town
of Kir
Hareseth
-
remains of several Byzantine churches.
711
ad: Fall of Breton - to West Saxon King Ini.
Germanic Civil Law from this time to date in Western World.
727
ad: Roman Catholic Council of Nicea -
ratifies take over of "The Word" and also the word
Christianity to be incorporated into Catholicism.
The
Word of God Taken Forceably by Romans from The Jews and Essenes
- Rome had persecuted Jews throughout History killing
Jesus and hunting His Family extending this persecution to
Christians as well until the End of the Great Persecution
of Christians under Roman Emporer Nero in 305 ad. Arthur of
Breton was 15 years old in this year. For some reason the
Great Persecution of Christians abruptly ended in 305 ad.
Roman
and Germanic Historians - exact opposite
or favored commentary - excepting usually events
of what really happenned. Roman and Germanic Historians have
never been regarded by any other Historians or Tribes as being
in any way accurate. On the contrary they are more famous
for if getting beaten in a battle recording it in their annals
that they won inventing another 2 other battles totally fictitious
with an assortment of fictitious characters and leaders to
insert in their own history annals as well as doing the same
to other Lands they conquered.
Romans
Worked With Barbarians Historically - from 750 bc
on as hired mercenaries.
Gravy
Train - Barbarian Tribes had been around for a long
time before and introduced Romans in the Bronze Age to the
gravy train cartels.
Cross
Reference - of nearly any dates given by any Roman
or Germanic Historical references more than likely creates
confusion for many Scholars looking for any accuracy or correct
statistics in any way. Their may be a reference for something
Historical except to the accuracy of reporting and percentage
of inaccuracy leaves much much to be desired. For accurate
reporters or reporting by Romans and Germanics Historically
associated traditionally called barbarians are not attributed
for much credibility as to accuracy of reportings by any known
Historians..
Inquisition
Created - and implimented still goes to this day.
ie: never was called off.
8th
cent ad: India - period from 8th to 13th cent ad
independent Kingdoms arose Palas of Bihar and Bengal the Sen
the Ahoms of Assam later Chola Empire at Tanjore a second
Chalukya Dynasty in the Deccan rose powerfully. NW India beyond
reach of Dynasty of the Rajputs grew strong resisting forces
of Islam brought to India by seafaring Arab traders.
999
ad: to 1026: India - Mahmud of Ghazna
Muslim armies several times breached Rajput defenses and plundered
India.
9th
cent: Hebrew Bible - consequence of new studies was
invention of several systems of vocalization for text of Hebrew
Bible Christian Old Testament in Babylonia and Tiberias in
9th and 10th centuries.
10th
cent ad: Indian Invasion by Muslim Armies
- from north were raiding India.
1132:
Le Krak du Désert - heavily fortified Crusader Citadel
built on site of Ancient Fortress.
1187:
Battle
of Hattin
-
Crusaders' defeated at Battle of Hattin
1188:
Le Krak du Désert Fell To Muslim Forces
- after defeat at Battle of Hattin Crusaders in Galilee lost
control of Palestine to Saladin.
1192
ad: India - 1st Muslim Kingdom - legions of Ghor
defeated forces of Prithivi Raj and Delhi Sultanate 1st Muslim
Kingdom in India established.
1227
ad: Ghenkhis Khan dies - leaving a huge Empire.
1384:
England - John Wyclif - died 1384
name on 2 translations of Biblical texts.
1398:
India - Persian Sultanate reduced to vassalage almost
every independent Kingdom except Kashmir and remote Kingdoms
south. Ruling such a vast territory proved impossible with
difficulties in the south with the great Hindu Kingdom state
of Vijayanagar the capture of the City of Delhi in 1398 by
Timur finally brought the Persian sultanate to an end.
1400's
- Printing Press - not until invention of Printing
Press a Germanic Man called Martin Luther
Protested about identity of Jesus being left OUT of the Bible
interpretations and presentations to The Peoples to that date.
He was boiled in oil etc by the Inquisition later promoted
in modern day as living to an old age etc by RC productions
co.'s.
Reformation
- Protesting - this was called the Reformation meaning
a re forming of the Christian era referring to End or Close
of Christian Era in 5th century as being when 1st formed to
be reformed in 1400's.
1454:
Germany - The Bible Printed - 1st book printed using
movable metal type.
1468:
Germany - Johannes Gutenberg Died - Credited with
invention of movable metal type revolutionized printing. Printed
the Bible to present to The Peoples of The World..
1526:
India - Muslim Kingdoms - that succeeded it were
defeated by a Turkic invader from Afghanistan Babur a remote
descendant of Timur who after the battle of Panipat in 1526
founded the Mughal Empire.
1526:
England - William Tyndale - whose New Testament
1525-26 was 1st English translation printed.
1535:
Miles Coverdale - who published a translation
of the entire Bible.
1546:
Martin Luther dies. - born: 10 Nov. 1483 Eisleben
Saxony Germany died: 18 Feb. 1546 Eisleben - German Scholar
Priest whose questioning of certain Church practices Protested
about the identity of Jesus of Nazareth being left out of
presentations to that time. Called The Reformation. One of
the pivotal figures of Western Civilization as well as influence
of modern day Christianity groups. By his actions and writings
he precipitated a movement that was to yield not only one
of 3 major theological units of Christianity along with Roman
Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy Social Economic and Political
thought progressed. For Martin Luther's work
see Protestantism.
1582:
New Testament - produced in Douai France.
1604:
Legend of the 10 Lost Tribes in England -
Manasseh ben Israel 1604-57 used The Legend of the
10 Lost Tribes in pleading successfully for admission
of Jews into England during Oliver Cromwell's regime.
Lost
Twenty Four Tribes or Peoples of Hebrews - who at
various times were said to be descendants of The 24
Lost Tribes of Hebrews include Peoples from Australia
Africa Afghanistan Arab Nations Egypt India Germany Europeans
Britons South Americas American Indians Chinese Japanese Oceana
all in past Histories are recorded as Performing
in The Event
called The Heave Offering
and participating in In The
Service of The Song.
1610:
Old Testament - produced in France.
1611:
KJV - Greatest classic English translation of Biblical
accounts. One of most influential English prose or works is
Authorized Version or King James Version of 1611 made by a
group of Churchmen and Scholars led by Lancelot Andrewes.
1659:
India - Mughal Empire - consolidated by Akbar reached
its greatest territorial extent control of almost all of India
under Aurangzeb ruled 1659-1707 Under Delhi Sultanate and
Mughal Empire a large Muslim following grew and a new culture
evolved in India. Mughal art and architecture Islam never
supplanted Hinduism as the faith of the majority.
18th
cent: Existence of a Jewish Community in Ancient India
- this group still adhered to Jewish practices as circumcision
observance of sabbath certain dietary and Civil Laws and celebration
of several major festivals.
19th
cent ad: Modern Scholars - deciphered and translated
Akkadian language and found to be a base for deciphering much
later languages like Summerian that was borrowed by Summerians
who arrived in the Akkadian Kingdom of Sumer
then after a while called themselves Summerians not
having their own name for their tribe. Summerians
then claimed they did everything 1st and everyone came from
them with aggressive expansions into other territories and
were then wiped out completly by Sargon..
Summerian myth is revealed as being stolen
Akkadian History.
1921:
Standard dictionary of Akkadian Language
published.
1947:
Dead Sea Scrolls - Documents of great historical
Scholarly and Biblical value found in 1947 and later in caves
above the NW Dead Sea.
1948:
Some Ten Lost Tribe Survivors Return to Israel -
among numerous immigrants to The State of Israel since its
establishment in 1948 were a few Peoples who claimed to be
remnants of The Ten Lost Tribes.
1958:
Israel's Independence - many arrivals to Israel when
Independence re ininitiated.
1958:
Remnants of 10 Lost Tribes or Sons of Moses and Aaron Report
in to Israel - many varied arrivals to Israel
when Independence re ininitiated. Israel has reports of many
remnants of Twenty Two
Lost Tribes of Israel who disappeared from history after
Northern Kingdom of Israel was overrun by Assyrians in 721
bc. as well as some survivors from very Ancient Times and
from some of The Five Past
Histories of The Ancient World.
20th
cent ad: Demise of Sumeria - Sumerian
not recognized - as a separate language being
borrowing from earlier Akkadian and North Semitic Scripts..
1990:
Most of 22 Volumes of The Akkadian
Standard Dictionary of Akkadian language published.
At The End of Time
- Hebrews - The
Sons of Light
Who
At The End of Time engage in a catastrophic war with the enemies
of God and The Hebrews .. against
the Sons of Darkness or aliens.
Portrayal of a 40 year Holy War -
between The Forces
of Good against evil involves Heavenly
as well as Earth soldiers.
Elect
of Hebrews - are joined by an angelic
host while the aliens and evil angels fight alongside
other nations of Earth. Victory
of The Forces of Light signal the final destruction of
evil after God of Hebrews rules
eternally in Justice.
Justice
- and not just us - meaning other Peoples as well and not
just russians or germans..
The War of The
Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness - war between
The Sons of Light and the rest
of Earth nations working for
aliens 1st with The
Hebrews Elect then with Gentiles
and Combined United Hebrew Forces.
At
The End The Sons of Light Will Conquer
The Whole World - in this war they will be helped by
Heavenly
Hosts.
Sons of Darkness - men in black aided by devil Belial and
demonic army of aliens finally
all wicked ones are destroyed.
Sons
of Light - The
Combined United Hebrew Earth Groups of Humans.
.. conquer the Worlds.
Last
War of The Earth - Essenic
Manual of Discipline contains - Prayers and speeches uttered
eschatological war military and other ordinances. Book could
be called Manual of Discipline for The Last War For The
Earth.
The
Man - as an Earthly
King from The House of David also as a Heavenly
figure as The Son of Man also called
The Lamb
A
Heavenly Being Of and For The Ages
- who descended into The World
that the Evil One's had taken over and gathered his own Earth
Peoples to lead them back into The
Realm of Light.
The
Commander of The Bow of The
Ancient Hebrews Takes Up Dominion - of The
World after overcoming all Earthly Nations working
for aliens and supernatural demonic powers.
Then
lays - the entire Cosmos .. at
The Feet Of
God.
The
Word - for aliens is .. Mutate in
Space !!